Nyerere: No! We did not flounder

Mobhare Matinyi. The Citizen, Thursday, 20 October 2011. On Friday last week, Tanzanians marked the 12th anniversary of the death of the Founding Father of the Nation, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere. Mwalimu died after a brief but tough battle for his life in a London’s St Thomas Hospital. Luckily though, he left us a wealthy legacy in the form of speeches, books audio and videotapes. Retrieving his words is not such a difficult task. In one of the his interviews, Mwalimu spoke to Dr Ikaweba Bunting, an African American who lived in Tanzania for almost three decades following Nyerere’s invitation when he visited Harlem, New York, in the late 1960s. Dr Bunting also served in the Burundi Peace Negotiation Facilitation Team under Mwalimu and later under Nelson Mandela. Dr Bunting interviewed Nyerere in December 1998 in the latter’s home village, Butiama. On January 1, 1999 the London-based magazine, New Internationalist, published a long article titled – ‘The Heart of Africa’. In its contents, Nyerere addressed some of the key issues that haunt Tanzania and Africa even today. One question that Dr Bunting asked, and probably many would have asked Mwalimu was: “Does the Arusha Declaration still stand up today?” Nyerere responded: “I still travel around with it (the document). I read it over and over to see what I would change. Maybe I would improve on the Swahili that was used but the Declaration is still valid: I would not change a thing. . . . We articulated a new national objective; we stressed that development is about all our people and not just a small and privileged minority. The Arusha Declaration was what made Tanzania distinctly Tanzania.” Today as Tanzania is thinking of taking a leaf from the Arusha Declaration about the leadership code, this was what Mwalimu said about leaders: “We stated what we stood for, we laid down a code of conduct for our leaders and we made an effort to achieve our goals. This was obvious to all -- even if we made mistakes – and when one tries anything new and uncharted there are bound to be mistakes.” Mwalimu was proud of his achievements: “The Arusha Declaration and our democratic single-party system, together with our national language, Swahili, and a highly politicised and disciplined national army, transformed more than 126 different tribes into a cohesive and stable nation.” Nyerere added: “However, despite this achievement, they say we failed in Tanzania; that we floundered. But did we? We must say no. We can’t deny everything we accomplished. The floundering of socialism has been global. This is what needs an explanation, not just the Tanzanian part of it.” On the unification of East Africa in particular, Nyerere dropped a bombshell: “I respected Jomo immensely. It has probably never happened before in history; two heads of state, Milton Obote and I, went to Jomo and said to him: ‘let’s unite our countries and you be our head of state’. He said no. I think he said no because it would have put him out of his element as a Kikuyu Elder.” Dr Bunting at one time asked: “What were your main mistakes as (the founding) Tanzanian leader? What should you have done differently?” Nyerere started by saying: There are things that I would have done more firmly or not at all. For example, I would not nationalise the sisal plantations. This was a mistake. I did not realise how difficult it would be for the state to manage agriculture.” Fortunately, regarding the current discussion in Tanzania on how to curb ufisadi, Nyerere predicted correctly: “But I still think that in the end Tanzania will return to the values and basic principles of the Arusha Declaration.” On the topic of his failure and success, Nyerere gave a story of his encounter at the World Bank in Washington: “At the World Bank the first question they asked me was ‘how did you fail?’I responded that we took over a country with 85 per cent of its adult population illiterate. The British ruled us for 43 years. When they left, there were two trained engineers and 12 doctors. This is the country we inherited. When I stepped down there was 91 per cent literacy and nearly every child was in school. We trained thousands of engineers and doctors and teachers.” Nyerere continued: “In 1988 Tanzania’s per-capita income was $280. Now, in 1998, it is $140. So I asked the World Bank people what went wrong. Because for the last ten years Tanzania has been signing on the dotted line and doing everything the IMF and the World Bank wanted. Enrolment in school has plummeted to 63 per cent and conditions in health and other social services are down. I asked them again: ‘what went wrong?’ These people just sat there looking at me.” This is how Mwalimu finished his story: “Then they asked what could they do? I told them to have some humility. Humility – they are so arrogant!”

and I, went to Jomo and said to him: ‘let’s unite our countries and you be our head of state’. He said no. I think he said no because it would have put him out of his element as a Kikuyu Elder.”

Dr Bunting at one time asked: “What were your main mistakes as (the founding) Tanzanian leader? What should you have done differently?” Nyerere started by saying: There are things that I would have done more firmly or not at all. For example, I would not nationalise the sisal plantations. This was a mistake. I did not realise how difficult it would be for the state to manage agriculture.”

Fortunately, regarding the current discussion in Tanzania on how to curb ufisadi, Nyerere predicted correctly: “But I still think that in the end Tanzania will return to the values and basic principles of the Arusha Declaration.”

On the topic of his failure and success, Nyerere gave a story of his encounter at the World Bank in Washington: “At the World Bank the first question they asked me was ‘how did you fail?’I responded that we took over a country with 85 per cent of its adult population illiterate. The British ruled us for 43 years. When they left, there were two trained engineers and 12 doctors. This is the country we inherited. When I stepped down there was 91 per cent literacy and nearly every child was in school. We trained thousands of engineers and doctors and teachers.”

Nyerere continued: “In 1988 Tanzania’s per-capita income was $280. Now, in 1998, it is $140. So I asked the World Bank people what went wrong. Because for the last ten years Tanzania has been signing on the dotted line and doing everything the IMF and the World Bank wanted. Enrolment in school has plummeted to 63 per cent and conditions in health and other social services are down. I asked them again: ‘what went wrong?’ These people just sat there looking at me.”

This is how Mwalimu finished his story: “Then they asked what could they do? I told them to have some humility. Humility – they are so arrogant!”